TUBERCULOSIS ( TB ) ; A LUNG DISORDER

             
   TUBERCULOSIS ;

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Tuberculosis is infectious which mainly affects the lungs. It is caused by bacteria named
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. If it is not treated, it can be fatal to the patient suffering from it.
It is a contagious disease i.e. it can spread from one person to another. According to sources
in 2015, 1.8 million people died from the disease, with 10.4 million people suffering from it.


TYPES;
Generally, tuberculosis is of 2 types:
1) Latent tuberculosis: The infectious bacteria resides in the body but does not show any
signs or symptoms.
2) Active tuberculosis: The infectious bacteria present in the body starts showing signs
and symptoms and can also spread from person to person.


CAUSES;
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease i.e. it can spread from one person to another through the
small droplets present in the air when a person coughs, sneezes, or spits.
The main causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
People suffering from HIV or chronic lung diseases have increased chances of developing
tuberculosis.


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS;
● Coughing (Lasting for more than 15 days or so)
● Presence of blood while coughing
● Fever with night sweats
● Anorexia (loss of appetite)


TREATMENT AND PREVENTION;
If the person is showing symptoms of tuberculosis he/she should consult a doctor immediately. Tuberculosis can be treated with a course of antibiotics. The type and duration of the antibiotic matters. Vaccination for tuberculosis is also essential. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is used for the treatment of tuberculosis.   
By not coming into contact with tuberculosis infected person, wearing a mask, or covering the mouth while sneezing can help to reduce the risk of spreading of the bacteria.

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