Diabetes Mellitus; Types, Symptoms, Risk factors, Treatment, Prevention......


Diabetes mellitus;

Glucose serves as an energy source in our body. The inability to maintain the blood glucose
level results in diabetes. According to the WHO, people suffering from diabetes have
increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.

What controls the level of glucose;

Insulin and glucagon controls glucose levels in the body. Both the hormones are produced
from the pancreas. However, insulin is released when the blood glucose levels are high and
glucagon is produced when the blood glucose levels are low.


Types of Diabetes; 

Diabetes is basically of two types :

● TYPE 1: Diabetes type 1 is characterized by the failure of the body to produce
insulin. Patients having diabetes type 1 are insulin-dependent i.e. they need artificial
insulin in order to survive.

● TYPE 2: Diabetes type 2 is characterized by the inability of the insulin-producing
cells to respond to the stimulus effectively as it used to.

Type 2 diabetes is more common according to the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases.


Symptoms;

Diabetes can show various symptoms depending upon how much the level of glucose is disturbed. The symptoms can be:

● Increased water intake
● Urination increases
● Irritation
● Increased hunger
● Fatigue


Risk factors for diabetes :

● Environmental factors: Exposure to viruses or illness

● Family: Increased chances of developing diabetes if any family member has it.

● Weight: Increase in the fatty tissue, makes the cell resistant to insulin

● Age: Increased chances of developing diabetes with the increase in the age

● Insulin resistance: More the resistance for insulin in our body, more the chances of
developing diabetes type 2


Treatment;

Treatment related to diabetes includes:

● Monitoring blood glucose level: Maintaining the right blood glucose level is
important in diabetic patients.

● Insulin: Insulin therapy is commonly used for patients suffering from type 1 diabetes
in order to survive.

● Oral or other medications: Such medications which may stimulate pancreas to produce insulin.

● Transplantation: In some patient pancreas transplantation takes place.


Prevention:

Type 1 diabetes can not be prevented, however type 2 diabetes can be prevented by:

● Eat healthy food: Choosing food which are low in fats and calories and eating fruits, vegetables etc.

● Physical activity: Diabetes can be prevented by doing physical activities such as running.

● Losing obesity: Lowering the amount of fatty tissue can help to prevent the diabetes.

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